What's New in htmx 4 ~ htmx

Breaking Changes

`fetch()` replaces `XMLHttpRequest`

All requests use the native fetch() API. This cannot be reverted.

Explicit inheritance

Add :inherited to any attribute that should inherit down the DOM tree.


<!-- htmx 2: implicit inheritance -->
<div hx-confirm="Are you sure?">
    <button hx-delete="/item/1">Delete</button>
</div>

<!-- htmx 4: explicit inheritance -->
<div hx-confirm:inherited="Are you sure?">
    <button hx-delete="/item/1">Delete</button>
</div>

Works on any attribute: hx-boost:inherited, hx-target:inherited, hx-confirm:inherited, etc.

Use :append to add to an inherited value instead of replacing it:



<div hx-include:inherited="#global-fields">
    <!-- appends .extra to the inherited value -->
    <form hx-include:inherited:append=".extra">...</form>
</div>

Revert: htmx.config.implicitInheritance = true

Error responses swap

htmx 4 swaps all HTTP responses. Only 204 and 304 do not swap.

htmx 2 did not swap 4xx and 5xx responses. In htmx 4, if your server returns HTML with a 422 or 500, that HTML gets swapped into the target. Design your error responses to work as swap content, or use hx-status to control per-code behavior.

Revert: htmx.config.noSwap = [204, 304, '4xx', '5xx']

`hx-delete` excludes form data

Like hx-get, hx-delete no longer includes the enclosing form’s inputs.

Fix: add hx-include="closest form" where needed.

No history cache

History no longer caches pages in localStorage. When navigating back, htmx re-fetches the page and swaps it into <body>, or into the [hx-history-elt] element if one is present, the same behavior as htmx 2.

Use htmx.config.history = "reload" for a full page reload instead. Use htmx.config.history = false to disable.

OOB swap order

In htmx 2, out-of-band (hx-swap-oob) elements swapped before the main content.

In htmx 4, the main content swaps first. OOB and <hx-partial> elements swap after (in document order).

This matters if an OOB swap creates or modifies DOM that the main swap depends on. If your app relies on that ordering, restructure so each swap is independent.

`hx-trigger` `queue` modifier removed

The queue modifier on hx-trigger (e.g. hx-trigger="click queue:all") no longer works. Request queuing is now controlled exclusively by hx-sync.


<!-- htmx 2 -->
<div hx-trigger="click queue:all" hx-get="/test">...</div>

<!-- htmx 4: use hx-sync instead -->
<div hx-trigger="click" hx-get="/test" hx-sync="this:queue all">...</div>

`hx-trigger` `from:` and `target:` selector quoting

In htmx 2, selectors with spaces in from: used parentheses: from:(form input). In htmx 4, HCON parses these modifier values, so selectors containing spaces or commas must be wrapped in single quotes:


<!-- htmx 2 -->
<input hx-trigger="keyup from:(closest form)">

<!-- htmx 4 -->
<input hx-trigger="keyup from:'closest form'">

Comma-separated selectors also need quoting: target:'.a, .b'.

60-second timeout

htmx 2 had no timeout (0). htmx 4 sets defaultTimeout to 60000.

Revert: htmx.config.defaultTimeout = 0

Extension loading

Include extension scripts directly. No attribute needed:



<script src="/path/to/htmx.js"></script>
<script src="/path/to/ext/sse.js"></script>

Restrict which extensions can load:



<meta name="htmx-config" content='{"extensions": "sse, ws"}'>

Extension authors use htmx.registerExtension(name, methodMap) to register.

See Extension System for details.

Renames and Removals

Attributes

Do the hx-disable rename before upgrading. In htmx 2, hx-disable meant “skip htmx processing on this element”. In htmx 4, that role is hx-ignore, and hx-disable now does what hx-disabled-elt used to do.

htmx 2.x	htmx 4.x	Type	Notes
`hx-disable`	`hx-ignore`	renamed	Rename this first to avoid conflicts.
`hx-disabled-elt`	`hx-disable`	renamed	Rename this after `hx-disable` becomes `hx-ignore`.
`hx-vars`	`hx-vals`	removed	Use the `js:` prefix.
`hx-params`	`htmx:config:request`	removed	Configure request parameters in the event.
`hx-prompt`	`hx-prompt` extension	removed	You can also use a one-liner with `hx-on`.
`hx-ext`	—	removed	Include extension scripts directly.
`hx-disinherit`	—	removed	Not needed. Inheritance is explicit.
`hx-inherit`	—	removed	Not needed. Inheritance is explicit.
`hx-request`	`hx-config`	removed	—
`hx-history`	—	removed	No localStorage.

Events

All events follow a new pattern: htmx:phase:action[:sub-action]. Most error events are consolidated to htmx:error. HTTP error responses use htmx:response:error.

htmx 2.x	htmx 4.x	Type	Notes
`htmx:afterOnLoad`	`htmx:after:init`	renamed	—
`htmx:afterProcessNode`	`htmx:after:init`	renamed	—
`htmx:afterRequest`	`htmx:after:request`	renamed	—
`htmx:afterSettle`	`htmx:after:settle`	renamed	—
`htmx:afterSwap`	`htmx:after:swap`	renamed	—
`htmx:beforeCleanupElement`	`htmx:before:cleanup`	renamed	—
`htmx:beforeHistorySave`	`htmx:before:history:update`	renamed	—
`htmx:beforeOnLoad`	`htmx:before:init`	renamed	—
`htmx:beforeProcessNode`	`htmx:before:process`	renamed	—
`htmx:beforeRequest`	`htmx:before:request`	renamed	—
`htmx:beforeSwap`	`htmx:before:swap`	renamed	—
`htmx:configRequest`	`htmx:config:request`	renamed	—
`htmx:historyCacheMiss`	`htmx:before:history:restore`	renamed	—
`htmx:historyRestore`	`htmx:before:history:restore`	renamed	—
`htmx:load`	`htmx:after:init`	renamed	—
`htmx:oobAfterSwap`	`htmx:after:swap`	renamed	—
`htmx:oobBeforeSwap`	`htmx:before:swap`	renamed	—
`htmx:pushedIntoHistory`	`htmx:after:history:push`	renamed	—
`htmx:replacedInHistory`	`htmx:after:history:replace`	renamed	—
`htmx:responseError`	`htmx:response:error`	renamed	HTTP error responses use this event.
`htmx:sendError`	`htmx:error`	renamed	—
`htmx:swapError`	`htmx:error`	renamed	—
`htmx:targetError`	`htmx:error`	renamed	—
`htmx:timeout`	`htmx:error`	renamed	—
`htmx:validation:validate`	—	removed	Use native browser form validation.
`htmx:validation:failed`	—	removed	Use native browser form validation.
`htmx:validation:halted`	—	removed	Use native browser form validation.
`htmx:xhr:loadstart`	—	removed	htmx uses `fetch()` now.
`htmx:xhr:loadend`	`htmx:finally:request`	removed	htmx uses `fetch()` now.
`htmx:xhr:progress`	—	removed	htmx uses `fetch()` now.
`htmx:xhr:abort`	`htmx:error`	removed	htmx uses `fetch()` now.

Config

htmx 2.x	htmx 4.x	Type	Notes
`defaultSwapStyle`	`defaultSwap`	renamed	—
`globalViewTransitions`	`transitions`	renamed	—
`historyEnabled`	`history`	renamed	—
`includeIndicatorStyles`	`includeIndicatorCSS`	renamed	—
`timeout`	`defaultTimeout`	renamed	—
`defaultTimeout`	`60000`	default changed	Was `0` (no timeout).
`defaultSettleDelay`	`1`	default changed	Was `20`.
`addedClass`	—	removed	The `htmx-added` CSS class is still applied during swaps.
`allowEval`	—	removed	—
`allowNestedOobSwaps`	—	removed	—
`allowScriptTags`	—	removed	—
`attributesToSettle`	—	removed	—
`defaultSwapDelay`	—	removed	—
`disableSelector`	`hx-ignore`	removed	—
`getCacheBusterParam`	—	removed	—
`historyCacheSize`	—	removed	—
`ignoreTitle`	—	removed	Still works per swap via `hx-swap="... ignoreTitle:true"`.
`inlineStyleNonce`	—	removed	Indicator CSS now uses Constructable Stylesheets, so no nonce is needed.
`methodsThatUseUrlParams`	—	removed	—
`refreshOnHistoryMiss`	—	removed	—
`responseHandling`	`hx-status`	removed	Use with `noSwap`.
`scrollBehavior`	—	removed	—
`scrollIntoViewOnBoost`	—	removed	—
`selfRequestsOnly`	`htmx.config.mode`	removed	—
`settlingClass`	—	removed	The `htmx-settling` CSS class is still applied during swaps.
`swappingClass`	—	removed	The `htmx-swapping` CSS class is still applied during swaps.
`triggerSpecsCache`	—	removed	—
`useTemplateFragments`	—	removed	—
`withCredentials`	`hx-config`	removed	—
`wsBinaryType`	—	removed	—
`wsReconnectDelay`	—	removed	—

Request headers

htmx 2.x	htmx 4.x	Type	Notes
`HX-Trigger`	`HX-Source`	changed format	Format is `tagName#id`, e.g. `button#submit`.
`HX-Target`	`HX-Target`	changed format	Format is `tagName#id`.
`HX-Trigger-Name`	`HX-Source`	removed	—
`HX-Prompt`	`hx-prompt` extension	restored by ext	Load the extension.
—	`HX-Request-Type`	new	`"full"` or `"partial"`.
—	`Accept`	new	Core requests send `text/html`; `hx-sse` adds `text/event-stream`.

Response headers

htmx 2.x	htmx 4.x	Type	Notes
`HX-Trigger-After-Swap`	`HX-Trigger`	removed	You can also use JavaScript.
`HX-Trigger-After-Settle`	`HX-Trigger`	removed	You can also use JavaScript.
`HX-Trigger`	`HX-Trigger`	unchanged	—
`HX-Location`	`HX-Location`	unchanged	—
`HX-Push-Url`	`HX-Push-Url`	unchanged	—
`HX-Redirect`	`HX-Redirect`	unchanged	—
`HX-Refresh`	`HX-Refresh`	unchanged	—
`HX-Replace-Url`	`HX-Replace-Url`	unchanged	—
`HX-Retarget`	`HX-Retarget`	unchanged	—
`HX-Reswap`	`HX-Reswap`	unchanged	—
`HX-Reselect`	`HX-Reselect`	unchanged	—

JavaScript API

htmx 2.x	htmx 4.x	Type	Notes
`htmx.addClass()`	`element.classList.add()`	removed	Use native JavaScript.
`htmx.removeClass()`	`element.classList.remove()`	removed	Use native JavaScript.
`htmx.toggleClass()`	`element.classList.toggle()`	removed	Use native JavaScript.
`htmx.closest()`	`element.closest()`	removed	Use native JavaScript.
`htmx.remove()`	`element.remove()`	removed	Use native JavaScript.
`htmx.off()`	`removeEventListener()`	removed	`htmx.on()` returns the callback.
`htmx.location()`	`htmx.ajax()`	removed	—
`htmx.defineExtension()`	`htmx.registerExtension()`	renamed	—
`htmx.logAll()`	`htmx.config.logAll = true`	removed	htmx logs via `console.*`.
`htmx.logNone()`	—	removed	—
`htmx.logger`	`console.*`	removed	Observability tools capture `console.error`, `console.warn`, and `console.log`.
`htmx.onLoad()`	`htmx.onLoad()`	changed	Now listens on `htmx:after:process`, not `htmx:after:init`.

Still available: htmx.ajax(), htmx.config, htmx.find(), htmx.findAll(), htmx.on(), htmx.onLoad(), htmx.parseInterval(), htmx.process(), htmx.swap(), htmx.trigger().

What’s New

Attributes

Attribute	Purpose
`hx-action`	Specify URL, with optional `hx-method`. Supports progressive enhancement via native `action`/`method` fallback
`hx-method`	Specify HTTP method (overrides native `method` and `formmethod`)
`hx-query`	Issue a `QUERY` request, which sends parameters in the body
`hx-config`	Per-element request config (JSON or `key:value` syntax)
`hx-ignore`	Disable htmx processing (was `hx-disable`)
`hx-validate`	Control form validation behavior

`hx-swap` scroll modifiers

The show and scroll modifiers no longer support the combined selector:position syntax. Use separate keys instead:


<!-- htmx 2 (broken in 4) -->
<div hx-swap="innerHTML show:#other:top"></div>

<!-- htmx 4 -->
<div hx-swap="innerHTML show:top showTarget:#other"></div>
<div hx-swap="innerHTML scroll:bottom scrollTarget:#other"></div>

`hx-swap` styles



<div hx-get="/data" hx-swap="innerMorph">...</div>
<div hx-get="/data" hx-swap="outerMorph">...</div>
<div hx-get="/text" hx-swap="textContent">...</div>
<div hx-get="/remove" hx-swap="delete">...</div>

innerMorph / outerMorph: morph swaps using the idiomorph algorithm. Better for preserving state in complex UIs.
textContent: set the target’s text content (no HTML parsing).
delete: remove the target element entirely.

New aliases for existing swap styles (both old and new names work):

New	Equivalent to
`before`	`beforebegin`
`after`	`afterend`
`prepend`	`afterbegin`
`append`	`beforeend`

Status code swaps

Set different swap behavior per HTTP status code:



<form hx-post="/save"
      hx-status:422="swap:innerHTML target:#errors select:#validation-errors"
      hx-status:5xx="swap:none push:false">
    <!-- form fields -->
</form>

Available config keys: swap:, target:, select:, push:, replace:, transition:.

Supports exact codes (404), single-digit wildcards (50x), and range wildcards (5xx). Evaluated in order of specificity.

`<hx-partial>`

Target multiple elements from one response. An alternative to hx-swap-oob for when you need explicit control over targeting and swap strategy:


<hx-partial hx-target="#messages" hx-swap="beforeend">
    <div>New message</div>
</hx-partial>

<hx-partial hx-target="#count">
    <span>5</span>
</hx-partial>

Each <hx-partial> specifies its own hx-target and hx-swap strategy. See Multi-Target Updates for full documentation.

View transitions

View Transitions API support is available but disabled by default.

Enable: htmx.config.transitions = true

JSX compatibility

Frameworks that don’t support : in attribute names can use metaCharacter to replace it:


htmx.config.metaCharacter = "-";
// hx-ws-connect instead of hx-ws:connect
// hx-confirm-inherited instead of hx-confirm:inherited

JavaScript methods

htmx.timeout(time): returns a promise that resolves after a delay (number ms, or interval string '500ms'/'1s'/'5m')

htmx.takeClass is removed from core. Equivalent functionality is exposed by the hx-live extension on the htmx.live namespace:


htmx.live.take(target, className, source)   // strip class from `source`, add to `target`
htmx.live.forEvent(...args)                 // race events/timeouts
htmx.live.nextFrame()                       // promise that resolves on next animation frame
htmx.live.q(selector)                       // jQuery-like proxy rooted at documentElement
htmx.live.debounce(ms[, fn])                // global debounce
htmx.live.refresh()                         // recompute every live expression

Inside hx-live/hx-on expression scope these are available unprefixed (take, forEvent, nextFrame, q, debounce, toggle) with the current element used as the implicit context, see the hx-live extension docs.

Auto-logged events

Internally-dispatched events route to the console as follows:

If detail.error is set on the event, output goes to console.error (the Error instance is inlined first when applicable, so DevTools renders the stack). This covers request failures, hx-on handler exceptions, and other thrown paths. Apps that listen for htmx:error get the same data via the event.
If detail.warn is set, output goes to console.warn.
Otherwise, the event is logged at console.log (silent by default; set htmx.config.logAll = true to surface).

This restores the htmx 2.x convention: if you want an internal failure path to show up in the console, fire an event with detail.error (or detail.warn); no per-site console.error needed.

Request Context in Events

All events provide a consistent ctx object with request/response information.

Events

Event	Fires
`htmx:after:cleanup`	After element cleanup
`htmx:after:history:update`	After history update
`htmx:after:process`	After element processing
`htmx:before:response`	Before response body is read (cancellable)
`htmx:before:settle`	Before settle phase
`htmx:after:settle`	After settle phase
`htmx:before:viewTransition`	Before a view transition starts
`htmx:after:viewTransition`	After a view transition completes
`htmx:finally:request`	When request completes, fails, or is cancelled

Config keys

Config	Default	Purpose
`extensions`	`''`	Comma-separated list of allowed extension names
`mode`	`'same-origin'`	Fetch mode (replaces `selfRequestsOnly`)
`inlineScriptNonce`	`''`	Nonce for inline scripts
`metaCharacter`	`':'`	Separator character in attribute/event names
`morphIgnore`	`["data-htmx-powered"]`	Attribute name prefixes to preserve during morph
`morphScanLimit`		Max elements to scan during morph matching
`morphSkip`	`'[hx-morph-skip]'`	CSS selector for elements to skip during morph
`morphSkipChildren`	`'[hx-morph-skip-children]'`	CSS selector for elements whose children to skip during morph

Core extensions

htmx 4 ships with a bunch of “core” extensions now. The SSE and WebSocket extensions have been significantly rewritten, and hx-multipart, hx-live, hx-targets, hx-ptag, hx-csp, hx-download, hx-prompt, and hx-history-cache are new. See their upgrade guides for details.

Extension	Category	Description
`hx-multipart`	Streaming HTML	Stream HTML with `multipart/mixed`
`hx-sse`	Streaming HTML	Stream HTML with `text/event-stream` (SSE) (upgrade guide)
`hx-ws`	Streaming HTML	Stream HTML and send data over WebSockets (upgrade guide)
`hx-browser-indicator`	UX	Show tab’s spinner with `hx-browser-indicator`
`hx-live`	UX	Our own DOM-based reactive scripting solution
`hx-pending`	UX	Show custom content during requests
`hx-prompt`	UX	Prompt before requests with `hx-prompt='Reason?'`
`hx-preload`	Performance	Preload on hover (upgrade guide)
`hx-history-cache`	Performance	Restore back/forward pages from `sessionStorage`
`hx-ptag`	Performance	Skip unchanged polls with `HX-PTag: "v42"`
`hx-download`	Swaps	Download files with `hx-swap='download'`
`hx-head`	Swaps	Merge `<head>` tags with `hx-head='merge'`
`hx-targets`	Swaps	Target many elements with `hx-targets='.selector'`
`hx-upsert`	Swaps	Update or insert elements with `hx-swap='upsert'`
`htmx-2-compat`	Compatibility	Restore htmx 2.x defaults and event names on htmx 4
`hx-alpine-compat`	Compatibility	Run htmx alongside Alpine.js without conflicts
`hx-csp`	Security	Make htmx work under strict Content Security Policy

hx-delete excludes form data

hx-swap scroll modifiers

hx-swap styles

`hx-delete` excludes form data

`hx-swap` scroll modifiers

`hx-swap` styles